天麻Gastrodia elata作為我國重要的藥食同源植物,其干燥塊莖是傳統(tǒng)名貴中藥材,天麻素可通過抑制β-淀粉樣蛋白聚集、減少神經(jīng)元凋亡等機(jī)制,在阿爾茨海默病、帕金森病等神經(jīng)退行性疾病治療中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用,市場需求持續(xù)攀升。目前天麻人工栽培已形成規(guī)模,年產(chǎn)量超3萬t、產(chǎn)值突破40億元,但產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展受到種質(zhì)退化、產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量不穩(wěn)定等核心問題的制約。以“資源現(xiàn)狀-生產(chǎn)育種需求-品種選育研究”為主線,系統(tǒng)梳理天麻育種研究進(jìn)展,并總結(jié)當(dāng)前成果與未來方向,為構(gòu)建高效天麻育種體系提供理論框架。

As an important medicinal and edible plant in China, Tianma (Gastrodia elata) has its dried tubers as traditional precious Chinese medicinal materials. Gastrodin can play a crucial role in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease through mechanisms including inhibiting the aggregation of β-amyloid protein and reducing neuronal apoptosis, leading to a continuous rise in market demand. At present, the artificial cultivation of G. elata has formed a scale, with an annual output exceeding 30 000 tons and an output value surpassing 4 billion yuan. However, its industrial development of G. elata is constrained by core issues such as germplasm degeneration and unstable yield and quality. This article systematically reviews the progress in G. elata breeding research along the framework of “resource status-production and breeding demands-cultivar development studies”, summarizes current achievements and future directions, and provides a theoretical framework for constructing an efficient G. elata breeding system.

R286.2

吉林省科技發(fā)展計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目（20210202088NC）