含硬角蛋白的動物類中藥主要有水牛角、羚羊角、豬蹄甲、穿山甲、人指甲等,具清熱、涼血、鎮(zhèn)靜、定驚、止血、活血消癥、通經(jīng)下乳等功效,臨床應(yīng)用廣泛。系統(tǒng)整理了角蛋白結(jié)構(gòu)特點、來源、提取方法等,歸納總結(jié)了幾種動物藥的物質(zhì)組成、鑒定方法、生物效應(yīng)評價,梳理了硬角蛋白在生物材料、農(nóng)業(yè)、食品等領(lǐng)域的開發(fā)應(yīng)用,對含硬角蛋白動物藥的作用機制及產(chǎn)品開發(fā)提出了思考與展望,為進一步闡明其功效物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)、作用機制,提升質(zhì)量標準提供研究思路,為促進動物類中藥資源產(chǎn)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供科學依據(jù)。

Animal-derived traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) mainly composed of hard keratin include Shuiniujiao (Bubali Cornu), Lingyangjiao (Saigae Tataricae Cornu), pig hoof nail, pangolin, human nail, etc. These TCMs have good effects of clearing heat, cooling blood, sedation, calming, stopping bleeding, promoting blood circulation and eliminating symptoms, and promoting menstruation and lactation, which have been widely used in clinical treatment. This article systematically summarizes the structural characteristics, sources, extraction methods, etc. of keratin, and concludes the material composition, identification methods, and biological effect evaluation of several animal-derived TCMs. At the same time, it sorts out the development and application of hard keratin in biomedical materials, agriculture, food industry, and other fields. It puts forward thoughts and prospects on the mechanism of action and material product development of animal-derived TCMs with hard keratin, providing ideas for further elucidating the material basis, mechanism of action, and quality standard improvement of animal medicine efficacy, and providing scientific theoretical basis for promoting the sustainable development of animal-derived TCMs resource industry.

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國家自然科學基金面上項目（82474055）；國家自然科學基金青年項目（82504981）；江蘇省自然基金面上項目（BK20241913）；中央本級重大增減支項目“名貴中藥資源可持續(xù)利用能力建設(shè)項目”（2060302）；中藥學一流學科“引領(lǐng)計劃”項目（ZYXYL2024-011）