目的 分析太子參Pseudostellariae Radix不同加工品的非揮發(fā)性成分差異。方法 采用曬干、陰干、低溫烘干、高溫烘干、略燙后曬干對太子參新鮮塊根加工,得到5種太子參不同加工品。建立太子參藥材HPLC指紋圖譜,通過相似度評價法分析太子參不同加工品整體內(nèi)在成分的均一性。采用超高效液相色譜-四極桿-靜電場軌道阱質(zhì)譜/質(zhì)譜(UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS)鑒定太子參藥材95%乙醇提取物中的環(huán)肽類成分,并憑借聚類分析和正交偏最小二乘法-判別分析(orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)揭示太子參不同加工品的環(huán)肽類成分差異。結(jié)果 建立的指紋圖譜具有重復性好、色譜峰分離度高的優(yōu)點;從不同加工品中共篩選得到20個共有色譜峰;有2個峰為略燙后曬干品新生成的特有色譜峰;各類太子參加工品的指紋圖譜相似度均超過0.97。從太子參藥材中共鑒定得到14個環(huán)肽類成分,分別為太子參環(huán)肽A(heterophyllin A,HA)、太子參環(huán)肽B(heterophyllin B,HB)、太子參環(huán)肽C(heterophyllin C,HC)、太子參環(huán)肽D(heterophyllin D,HD)、太子參環(huán)肽J(heterophyllin J,HJ)、太子參環(huán)肽甲(pseudostellarin A,PA)、太子參環(huán)肽乙(pseudostellarin B,PB)、太子參環(huán)肽丙(pseudostellarin C,PC)、太子參環(huán)肽丁(pseudostellarin D,PD)、太子參環(huán)肽戊(pseudostellarin E,PE)、太子參環(huán)肽己(pseudostellarin F,PF)、太子參環(huán)肽庚(pseudostellarin G PG)、太子參環(huán)肽辛(pseudostellarin H,PH)及新的環(huán)肽類化合物(pseudostellarin L,PL)。經(jīng)聚類分析,干燥溫度、是否經(jīng)過沸水燙處理對太子參環(huán)肽類成分的影響較大。與低溫烘干品相比,高溫烘干品中HA、HB、HD、HJ、PA、PF、PG、PE、PL的含量明顯較低;與曬干品相比,略燙后曬干品中HA、HB、HC、HD、HJ、PA、PF、PG的含量明顯較低,PB、PC、PD、PE、PH、PL這6種環(huán)肽成分的差異卻不顯著。結(jié)論 建立的HPLC指紋圖譜可用于太子參不同加工品的內(nèi)在成分分析,為太子參質(zhì)量控制提供了技術手段。產(chǎn)地加工對太子參藥材環(huán)肽類成分的影響較顯著,太子參加工環(huán)節(jié)的合理化與標準化需要得到關注與重視。

Objective The differences of non-volatile components in different processed products of Taizishen (Pseudostellariae Radix, PR) were analyzed. Methods Five different processed products of PR were obtained by drying in the sun, drying in the shade, low temperature drying, high temperature drying, and drying in the sun after slightly scalding. The HPLC fingerprint of PR was established, and then the homogeneity of the internal components of different processed products of PR was analyzed by similarity evaluation method. UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS was used to identify the cyclic peptides in 95% ethanol extract of PR. Cluster analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to reveal the differences of cyclic peptides in different processed products of PR. Results The established fingerprint has the advantages of good repeatability and high resolution of chromatographic peaks. A total of 20 common chromatographic peaks were screened from different processed products. There were two unique chromatographic peaks newly generated from sun-dried products after slight scalding. The similarity of fingerprints of all kinds of processed products of PR exceeded 0.97. A total of 14 cyclic peptide components were identified from PR. They were heterophyllin A (HA), heterophyllin B (HB), heterophyllin C (HC), heterophyllin D (HD), heterophyllin J (HJ), pseudostellarin A (PA), pseudostellarin B (PB), pseudostellarin C (PC), pseudostellarin D (PD), pseudostellarin E (PE), pseudostellarin F (PF), pseudostellarin G (PG), pseudostellarin H (PH) and pseudostellarin L (PL). Cluster analysis showed that the drying temperature and boiled water treatment had a great effect on the cyclic peptide components of PR. Compared with low temperature drying products, the contents of HA, HB, HD, HJ, PA, PF, PG, PE and PL in high temperature drying products were significantly lower. Compared with sun-dried products, the contents of HA, HB, HC, HD, HJ, PA, PF and PG in sun-dried products after blanching were significantly lower, while the differences of PB, PC, PD, PE, PH and PL were not significant. Conclusion The established HPLC fingerprint can be used to analyze the internal components of different processed products of PR, which provides a technical means for the quality control of PR. The processing in the producing area has a significant effect on the cyclic peptide components of PR, and the rationalization and standardization of the processing of PR need to be paid attention to.

R283.6

國家自然科學基金項目（81960715）；江西省重點研發(fā)計劃“揭榜掛帥”項目（20223BBG71001）