目的 通過中藥代謝組學(xué)以及解析電離噴霧質(zhì)譜成像技術(shù)（desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging，DESI-MSI）系統(tǒng)分析高溫處理前后西洋參的化學(xué)成分差異。方法 基于UPLC-QTOF-MS技術(shù)的植物代謝組學(xué)方法，結(jié)合多元統(tǒng)計分析，對高溫處理前后西洋參的化學(xué)成分進行非靶向解析。利用LC-QQQ-MS多反應(yīng)監(jiān)測（multiple reaction monitoring，MRM）技術(shù)對發(fā)現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵皂苷進行準(zhǔn)確定量。最后，采用DESI-MSI技術(shù)分析西洋參組織經(jīng)過高溫處理前后主要人參皂苷的空間分布遷移變化情況。結(jié)果 人參皂苷Rb₁、Rd、Rg₂、Rg₃和西洋參皂苷R₁共5種人參皂苷在高溫處理前后出現(xiàn)顯著變化，采用三重四級桿的定量方法證實了5種成分在高溫處理后含量均顯著增加（P＜0.05）。進一步的DESI-MSI結(jié)果表明西洋參在高溫處理后，其組織中人參皂苷Rd與Rb₁由表層向形成層、髓質(zhì)部和木質(zhì)部明顯遷移富集；西洋參皂苷R₁則由韌皮部和形成層向外側(cè)表皮層富集；人參皂苷Rg₂和Rg₃主要分布于木栓層及韌皮部。結(jié)論 高溫處理前后西洋參皂苷成分差異明顯，研究結(jié)果為西洋參高溫處理過程對關(guān)鍵人參皂苷的影響提供了定性、定量及空間分布的證據(jù)，為西洋參科學(xué)加工和利用提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。

Objective The chemical composition differences in Panacis Quinquefolii Radix before and after high-temperature treatment were examined using metabolomics of traditional Chinese medicine and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI). Methods A plant metabolomics method based on UPLC-QTOF-MS technology combined with multivariate statistical analysis was employed to perform non-target screening and identification of the chemical components of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix before and after high-temperature treatment. Using LC-QQQ-MS with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), accurately quantification of key saponins was enabled. Finally, DESI-MSI technology was applied to investigate the spatial distribution and migration of the main ginsenosides in Panacis Quinquefolii Radix tissue before and after high-temperature treatment. Results A total of five ginsenosides, ginsenosides Rb₁, Rd, Rg₂, Rg₃ and quinquenoside R₁, showed significant changes before and after high-temperature treatment.The quantitative results also confirmed that the contents of all five ginsenosides increased significantly (P < 0.05) after high-temperature treatment. Further DESI-MSI analysis revealed that after high-temperature treatment, ginsenosides Rd and Rb₁ in the tissues of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix were significantly redistributed, migrating from the epidermal layer to the formation layer, medulla, and xylem; the quinquenoside R₁ was enriched from the ligamentous and formation layer to the outer epidermis; while ginsenosides Rg₂ and Rg₃ were mainly distributed in the cork layer and ligamentous layer. Conclusion The variations in the composition of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix saponins before and after high-temperature treatment were evident. The results of this study provided qualitative, quantitative and spatial distribution evidence for the effects of the high-temperature treatment process of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix on the key ginsenosides, and offered a scientific basis for the scientific processing and utilization of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix.

R284.1

山東省中醫(yī)藥高層次人才培育項目（2023）；山東省自然科學(xué)基金資助項目（ZR202211080026）；山東第一醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)提升計劃（2019LJ003）