脂肪酸作為一類重要的有機(jī)化合物，根據(jù)其在植物體內(nèi)存在狀態(tài)分為結(jié)合型與游離型2種形式。它們廣泛分布于植物的種子與果實(shí)中，其中結(jié)合型脂肪酸主要以三酰甘油的形式存在，屬于人體必需的三大營(yíng)養(yǎng)素之一，不僅提供能量，還供應(yīng)必需的脂肪酸和脂溶性維生素。游離型脂肪酸，由長(zhǎng)鏈烷烴基團(tuán)與羧酸基相連，根據(jù)碳鏈的長(zhǎng)短和飽和度的不同，可進(jìn)一步細(xì)分為多種類型。因不飽和脂肪酸在維持生理功能中起到了關(guān)鍵作用，故其受到廣泛關(guān)注。對(duì)植物源脂肪酸的化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的分類與總結(jié)，并對(duì)其藥理作用進(jìn)行了全面的梳理，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)了多不飽和脂肪酸在調(diào)節(jié)血脂、心臟保護(hù)、神經(jīng)保護(hù)和抗腫瘤作用方面的研究進(jìn)展，旨在為脂肪酸類植物資源的深入開(kāi)發(fā)和新藥研發(fā)提供理論依據(jù)和參考。

Fatty acids, as a category of vital organic compounds, can be classified into bound and free forms based on their presence within plants. They are extensively distributed in the seeds and fruits of plants, with bound fatty acids predominantly existing in the form of triglycerides, constituting one of the three essential nutrients required by the human body. These not only supply energy but also provide essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins. Free fatty acids, linked by a long-chain alkane group to a carboxylic acid, can be further differentiated into various types based on the length and saturation of the carbon chain. Particularly, unsaturated fatty acids play a pivotal role in sustaining physiological functions and are the focal point of this study. This paper systematically categorizes and summarizes the chemical constituents of plant-derived fatty acids and comprehensively reviews their pharmacological effects. Special emphasis is placed on the research progress of polyunsaturated fatty acids in regulating blood lipids, cardiac protection, neuroprotection, and antitumor activity. The aim of this study is to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the in-depth development of fatty acid plant resources and the creation of new drugs.

R285.5

國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(82174209)；云浮市2022年中醫(yī)藥（南藥）產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目（云科函[2022]71號(hào)）；2022年度普通高校認(rèn)定類科研項(xiàng)目（2022KQNCX033）；廣東省教育廳青年創(chuàng)新人才項(xiàng)目（2022KQNCX033）