目的 探討小劑量地西他濱對骨髓增生異常綜合征（MDS）患者的療效及白細胞介素-13（IL-13）、白細胞介素-18（IL-18）和白細胞介素-32（IL-32）水平的影響。方法 以2015年1月-2017年1月在新鄉(xiāng)市第一人民醫(yī)院接受診治的60例MDS患者為研究對象。根據入院的時間先后順序分為對照組和觀察組各30例。兩組患者均給予地西他濱，對照組用藥劑量為25 mg/（m²·d），觀察組為10 mg/（m²·d）。比較兩組治療3個月后的療效和不良反應發(fā)生情況以及治療前后的IL-13、IL-18和IL-32水平。結果 兩組的治療總有效率分別為80.00%和76.67%，差異無統(tǒng)計學意義；兩組的不良反應發(fā)生情況差異不具有統(tǒng)計學意義，但觀察組的不良反應總發(fā)生率低于對照組。治療前，兩組的IL-13、IL-18和IL-32水平差異無統(tǒng)計學意義；兩組治療后的IL-13水平高于且IL-18和IL-32水平低于治療前，同組治療前后比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（P<0.05）；治療后，觀察組的IL-13水平高于對照組，且IL-18和IL-32水平低于對照組，差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（P<0.05）。結論 地西他濱對MDS的療效明顯，劑量為10 mg/（m²·d）時臨床效果好，不良反應少，可更有效改善免疫功能，并且更經濟。

Objective To discuss the influence of small-dose decitabine on curative effect, interleukin-13 (IL-13), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-32 (IL-32) levels of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients.Methods A total of 60MDS patientstreated in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2017 were studied and were divided into control group (30 cases) and observation group (30 cases) according to the time of admission. All patients were treated with decitabine, control group was given by 25 mg/(m²·d) and observation group was given by 10 mg/(m²·d). The curative effect, IL-13, IL-18 and IL-32 levels of two groups before and after 3 months treatment were compared.Results The difference in total effective rate of two groups was not statistically significant. The difference in adverse reactions between two groups was not statistically significant, but the total incidence of adverse reactions of observation group was lower than that of control group. Before treatment, IL-13, IL-18 and IL-32 levels of two groups had no statistical difference. IL-18 and IL-32 levels of two groups after treatment were lower and IL-13 was higher than those before treatment (P< 0.05).Conclusion The curative effect of decitabine on MDS is obvious. The curative effect of 10 mg/(m2·d) is good. Its adverse reaction is little and more economical, can improve the immune function more effectively.