目的 通過(guò)觀察咳喘順丸對(duì)感染后咳嗽大鼠模型的影響，為咳喘順丸的現(xiàn)代藥理藥效和機(jī)制研究提供支撐。方法 將SD大鼠分為對(duì)照組、模型組、咳喘順丸（0.79、1.58、3.16 g/kg）組、蘇黃止咳膠囊組、鹽酸二氧丙嗪片組，運(yùn)用煙熏聯(lián)合脂多糖滴鼻及辣椒素霧化的方式建立大鼠感染后咳嗽模型。觀察大鼠咳嗽次數(shù)、咳嗽潛伏期、臟器指數(shù)，檢測(cè)肺泡灌洗液細(xì)胞因子[白細(xì)胞介素（IL）-4、γ干擾素（IFN-γ）、腫瘤壞死因子-α（TNF-α）、神經(jīng)肽P物質(zhì)（SP）、神經(jīng)激肽A（NKA）和降鈣素基因相關(guān)肽（CGRP）]水平和細(xì)胞學(xué)指標(biāo)[白細(xì)胞數(shù)（WBC）、中性粒細(xì)胞數(shù)（NEUT）、淋巴細(xì)胞數(shù)（LYMPH）]，檢查肺臟組織病理學(xué)。結(jié)果 與模型組相比，咳喘順丸（1.58、3.16 g/kg）組顯著降低大鼠咳嗽次數(shù)（P＜0.01），其中咳喘順丸3.16 g/kg組顯著推遲首次咳嗽出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間（P＜0.05）；咳喘順丸（0.79、1.58、3.16 g/kg）組病理結(jié)果顯示肺部杯狀細(xì)胞增生、肺泡壁炎細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)、支氣管相關(guān)淋巴組織增生等病變程度總體有所降低，肺臟臟器系數(shù)均顯著下降（P＜0.01）；咳喘順丸（0.79、1.58、3.16 g/kg）組肺泡灌洗液WBC和LYMPH顯著降低（P＜0.05、0.01），咳喘順丸3.16 g/kg組NEUT顯著降低（P＜0.05）；咳喘順丸（0.79 g/kg）組SP、NKA水平均顯著降低（P＜0.01）；咳喘順丸（1.58、3.16 g/kg）組SP、NKA、CGRP1水平顯著降低（P＜0.01）。結(jié)論 咳喘順丸對(duì)感染后咳嗽模型大鼠的咳嗽癥狀、肺部炎癥、咳嗽相關(guān)生化指標(biāo)以及肺部炎性細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)性病理變化均有改善作用，其抑制肺部炎癥可能與降低肺部NKA、SP和CGRP1，改善支氣管上皮易激狀態(tài)相關(guān)。

Objective To observe the effect of Kechuanshun Pills on post-infectious cough models, to provide modern pharmacological efficacy and mechanism research support for Kechuan Shun Pills. Methods SD Rats were divided into the control group, the model group, the Kechuanshun Pills group (0.79, 1.58, 3.16 g/kg), the Suhuang Zhike Capsules group, and the Dioxpromazine Hydrochloride Tablets group. The post-infection cough model of rats was established by smoking combined with lipopolysaccharide nasal drops and capsaicin nebulization. Frequency and latency of coughing, and lung organ coefficient of rats, the cytokines in alveolar lavage fluid (IL-4, IFN-γ), the levels of TNF-α, SP, NKA, and CGRP were detected. Cytological indicators of alveolar lavage fluid (WBC, NEUT, LYMPH) were examined. The histopathology of lung tissue was also examined. Results Compared with the model group, the Kechuanshun Pills (1.58, 3.16 g/kg) groups significantly reduced the number of coughs in rats (P < 0.01), among which the Kechuanshun Pill 3.16 g/kg group significantly delayed the onset time of the first cough (P < 0.05). The pathological results of the Kechuanshun Pills (0.79, 1.58, 3.16 g/kg) group showed that the degree of lesions such as goblet cell hyperplasia in the lungs, alveolar wall inflammation cell infiltration, and broncho-related lymphoid tissue hyperplasia was generally reduced, and the lung organ coefficients were significantly decreased (P < 0.01). The WBC and LYMPH in the alveolar lavage fluid of the Kechuanshun Pills group (0.79, 1.58, 3.16 g/kg) were significantly decreased (P < 0.05, 0.01), and the NEUT in the Kechuanshun Pills 3.16 g/kg group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The levels of SP and NKA in the Kechuanshun Pill (0.79 g/kg) group were significantly decreased (P < 0.01), the levels of SP, NKA, and CGRP1 in the Kechuanshun Pills group (1.58, 3.16 g/kg) were significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Conclusion Kechuanshun Pills have improvement effects on cough symptoms, pulmonary inflammation, cough-related biochemical indicators and pathological changes of inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs of post-infection cough model rats. Its inhibition of pulmonary inflammation may be related to the reduction of pulmonary NKA, SP and CGRP1, and the improvement of the irritable state of bronchial epithelium.

R285.5

廣東省科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目（2021B1212050018）