馬錢子為馬錢科植物馬錢的干燥成熟種子，毒性較大，致死量較低，治療窗窄。馬錢子具有靶器官毒性，包括中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)毒性、肝毒性、心臟毒性和腎毒性。馬錢子的毒性反應(yīng)主要與其含有的馬錢子堿、士的寧等活性成分有關(guān)。配伍和炮制是馬錢子常見的、重要的解毒措施。配伍可降低馬錢子毒性成分的溶出、抑制毒性成分的吸收、影響相關(guān)代謝酶、降低氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)；炮制也可降低馬錢子中毒性成分。對(duì)馬錢子的各個(gè)器官毒性和減毒增效機(jī)制的研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行綜述，以期為馬錢子的深入研究和臨床安全用藥提供參考。

Strychni Semen is the dry and mature seed of Strychnos nux-vomica L., which has high toxicity, low lethal dose, and narrow treatment window. Strychni Semen has target organ toxicity, including central nervous system toxicity, hepatotoxicity, cardiac toxicity, and nephrotoxicity. The toxic reaction of Strychni Semen is mainly related to its active components, such as strychnine and strychnine. Compatibility and detoxification were common and important detoxification measures of Strychni Semen. Compatibility can reduce the dissolution of toxic components, inhibit the absorption of toxic components, affect related metabolic enzymes, and reduce oxidative stress reaction. Toxic components were decreased after processing. In this paper, research progress of target organ toxicity and attenuation and synergistic mechanism of Strychni Semen was reviewed, in order to provide a reference for the in-depth study and clinical safe use of Strychni Semen.

R285

國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目（81873194，82004093）；國家中醫(yī)藥管理局青年岐黃學(xué)者支持項(xiàng)目