目的 分析南陽市中心醫(yī)院抗菌藥物致兒童嚴(yán)重不良反應(yīng)（ADR）發(fā)生的特點(diǎn)及規(guī)律，為臨床安全、有效、合理用藥提供參考。方法 采用回顧性調(diào)查方法對2016年1月1日—2021年5月31日南陽市中心醫(yī)院上報(bào)至國家藥品不良反應(yīng)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的72例兒童嚴(yán)重抗菌藥物ADR報(bào)告進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。結(jié)果 72例兒童嚴(yán)重抗菌藥物ADR報(bào)告中，男44例（61.11%），女28例（38.89%）。嬰兒期（28 d～1歲）患兒嚴(yán)重ADR占比最高，為52.78%。靜脈滴注是引發(fā)嚴(yán)重ADR最主要給藥途徑，共69例（95.83%）。引發(fā)ADR最多的抗菌藥物類別是頭孢菌素類，共35例（48.61%）。皮膚及其附件損害是最主要的臨床表現(xiàn)，共73例次（68.87%）。絕大多數(shù)ADR經(jīng)相應(yīng)處理后痊愈或好轉(zhuǎn)。結(jié)論 抗菌藥物引起的嚴(yán)重ADR受年齡、給藥途徑、藥品種類、用藥時(shí)間等因素影響，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)患兒抗菌藥物所致嚴(yán)重ADR監(jiān)測，保障臨床用藥安全、有效、合理。

Objective To analyze the characteristics and rules of serious adverse drug reaction (ADR) in children from Nanyang Central Hospital, so as to provide reference for clinical rational, safe and effective drug use induced by antibiotics. Methods In retrospective investigation, 72 cases of serious ADR reports induced by antibacterial drugs in children collected by National ADR Monitoring Center in Nanyang Central Hospital from January 2016 to May 2021 were analyzed statistically. Results Among the 72 cases of serious ADR reports, 44 cases (61.11%) were male and 28 cases (38.89%) were female. The incidence of ADR in patients aged from 28 day to 1 year were the highest (52.78%). Most of the cases were induced by intravenous injection, accounting for 69 cases (95.83%). 35 cases (48.61%) were induced by cephalosporin antibiotics. The injury of the skin and its appendages was the most common ADR, which occupied 73 cases (68.87%). Most of ADRs can be cured or improved after corresponding treatment. Conclusion The influencing factors of serious ADR induced by antibacterial drugs in children were related to many factors, such as gender, age, drug varieties, the course of medication and so on. We should strengthen the monitoring of serious ADR induced by antibacterial drugs in children so as to ensure the safe, effective and rational drug use in clinic.

R978.1

河南省醫(yī)學(xué)科技攻關(guān)計(jì)劃聯(lián)合共建項(xiàng)目（LHGJ20191453）