傳統(tǒng)的抗菌藥物給藥方式（口服或靜脈注射）由于藥物的理化性質(zhì)和宿主解剖學(xué)特點(diǎn)，感染部位往往達(dá)不到有效的抗菌濃度，導(dǎo)致了治療的失敗。霧化吸入療法因藥物直接作用于靶器官，具有起效迅速、療效佳、全身不良反應(yīng)少、不需要患者刻意配合等優(yōu)勢，成為治療呼吸系統(tǒng)相關(guān)疾病較為理想的給藥方法。目前抗菌藥物吸入制劑只有妥布霉素、氨曲南和多黏菌素，正在研制的有環(huán)丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、阿米卡星、兩性霉素B、萬古霉素等。國外在20世紀(jì)40年代開始對(duì)吸入抗菌藥物進(jìn)行研究，相對(duì)國外的研究，國內(nèi)的相關(guān)報(bào)道還較少，因此，為給呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病的防治帶來臨床新路徑，對(duì)近年來國內(nèi)外霧化吸入抗菌藥物的藥效/藥動(dòng)學(xué)研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行綜述。

Traditional drug administration (orally or intravenously) of antibiotics often can not reach effective concentration at the site of infection due to the different physicochemical properties of the drug and different anatomical features of the host and leads to treatment failure. Nebulization makes medicine directly apply to target organs and has advantages of rapid onset, great effects, less adverse reaction, and no special cooperation. Therefore it became the ideal and important administration for the respiratory system related diseases. At present there are only tobramycin, aztreonam and colistin used as inhalation of antibiotics for respiratory diseases. The others including ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, amikacin, amphotericin B, vancomycin and so on are developing. As early as 1940s, inhaled antibiotics began to be studied abroad, while domestic studies are seldom reported. The latest research progress on PK/PD inhalation of antibiotics aiming to provide new clinical pathway for the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases is reviewed in this paper.