目的 總結西安市中心醫(yī)院2014-2016年抗菌藥物引起的不良反應（ADR），探討其影響因素及特點，為臨床合理用藥提供參考。方法 對西安市中心醫(yī)院2014-2016年收集的268例抗菌藥物ADR報告進行分析。結果 268例ADR報告中，女性患者比率略高于男性患者，老年人及兒童發(fā)生率較高；最易發(fā)生ADR的抗菌藥物種類為喹諾酮類和頭孢菌素類；累及皮膚及附件的比率最大，其次為消化系統(tǒng)；靜脈滴注為引發(fā)ADR的主要給藥途徑；經采取正確的處理措施和對癥治療，一般預后較好；ADR主要來源于藥師收集。結論 臨床應重視和加強抗菌藥物ADR監(jiān)測和上報工作，保證合理用藥和安全。

Objective To analyze the adverse reactions induced by antimicrobial drugs in Xi'an Central Hospital from 2014 to 2016, and to explore the influencing factors and characteristics, and to provide reference for improving clinical rational drug use. Methods A total of 268 cases of reported adverse drugs reaction (ADR) induced by antimicrobial drugs in Xi'an Central Hospital from 2014 to 2016 were collected and analyzed. Results Among 268 cases of ADR reports, the ratio of female patients was slightly higher than that of male patients, and the incidence rate was higher in elderly and children. The drugs most easily triggering ADR were quinolone and cephalosporin antibiotics. The proportion of affected skins and their attachments was the biggest, followed by the digestive system. Iv infusion was the main route of administration of ADR. The prognosis was better after the correct and symptomatic treatment. The ADR was mainly collected by pharmacist. Conclusion More attention should be paid on the ADR monitoring and reporting of antimicrobial drugs to promote clinical rational use and safe medication.