目的 了解寶雞市中心醫(yī)院不同年齡段患者的病原菌分布及對常用抗菌藥物的耐藥性。方法 將寶雞市中心醫(yī)院2013年1月-2015年12月病原菌培養(yǎng)陽性的住院患者，按照0～14歲、15～64歲、≥65歲分為3個不同的年齡階段，對3個年齡段患者病原菌的分布及其耐藥情況進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計與分析。結(jié)果 共分離出病原菌4 077株，主要來源于呼吸道和尿，其中革蘭陽性菌702株，占17.2%，主要為葡萄球菌中的金黃色葡萄球菌、凝固酶陰性葡萄球菌和腸球菌中的糞腸球菌和屎腸球菌；革蘭陰性菌3 375株，占82.8%，主要為腸桿菌中的大腸埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和非發(fā)酵菌中的銅綠假單胞菌、鮑曼不動桿菌。大腸埃希菌、銅綠假單胞菌、鮑曼不動桿菌、金黃色葡萄球菌及腸球菌等多種病原菌對抗菌藥物的耐藥率隨著患者年齡的增長而增高。結(jié)論 不同年齡住院患者的病原菌分布及其耐藥性有所不同，抗感染治療時應(yīng)充分考慮患者的年齡因素，合理使用抗菌藥物。

Objective To investigate the bacterial distribution and resistance among inpatients of different ages in Baoji Central Hospital. Methods The inpatients in Baoji Central Hospital from 2013 to 2015 were divided into three age groups by the age range of 0-14 years old, 14-65 years old, and above 65 years. The bacterial distribution and resistance of inpatients were analyzed retrospectively by three different age groups. Results Total 4 077 strains of pathogens were isolated, and they were isolated from respiratory and urinary. Gram-positive bacteria (702 strains) accounted for 17.2%, and main of them were Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci in Staphylococcus, and Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium in Enterococcus. Gram-negative bacteria were 3 375 strains (82.8%), and main of them were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Enterobacter, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii in nonfermenters. The drug resistance rates of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, S. aureus, and Enterococcus against antibiotics were risen with the growth of age. Conclusion The distribution and resistance of bacteria are different in different age groups. The age factor should be considered in anti-infective treatment, in order to rational use of antibiotics.