目的 調查分析天津市第一中心醫(yī)院抗菌藥物應用情況。方法 采用橫斷面調查方法，對天津市第一中心醫(yī)院2012年8月1日0:00～24:00時所有住院患者進行抗菌藥物使用調查，包括抗菌藥物種類、使用頻率、科室等。結果 1 161例住院患者中，抗菌藥物使用率為26.10%，其中單用率為79.54%，二聯(lián)使用率為16.50%，三聯(lián)及以上使用率為3.96%；在全院各科室中，使用率最高的是呼吸科，為75.61%，其次為感染科和中西醫(yī)結合科，分別為67.74%、64.71%。全院治療性用藥病原學送檢率為53.31%；預防用藥率為18.15%；用藥頻率（DDDs）居前三位的依次為頭孢菌素類、β-內酰胺類/β-內酰胺酶抑劑復合制劑和喹諾酮類。結論 天津市第一中心醫(yī)院住院患者抗菌藥物應用基本合理，但個別科室使用率偏高，需要進一步加強抗菌藥物合理應用的管理。

Objective To carry out the cross-sectional survey on the utilization of antibiotics in Tianjin First Center Hospital. Methods In cross-sectional study, the clinical utilization of antibiotics for all inpatients from 0 to 24 h in Aug. 1st, 2012 was surveyed, including the kinds of antibiotics, utilization rate, and departments. Results Among 1 161 inpatients, the cross-sectional utilization rate of antibiotics was 26.10%, of which single-drug was 79.54%, two-drug 16.50%, and three-drug and above 3.96%. Among all departments in the hospital, the Department of Respiratory Medicine had the highest utilization rate, accounting for 75.61%, followed by Departments of the Communicable Disease and Combination of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, being 67.74% and 64.71%, respectively. Delivery rate of etiological specimens for therapeutic medication in the whole hospital was 53.31%. The prophylactic application rate was 18.15%. The top three antibiotics in the list of defined daily dose (DDD) were Cephalosporins, β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors, and quinolones. Conclusion In Tianjin First Central Hospital, the cross-sectional utilization rate of antibiotics is basically reasonable, but there is higher DDD in some departments. Monitoring system and methods should be further improved.