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Archive > Volume 16 Issue 4 > 2024,16(4):529-547. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2024.08.005 Prev Next

人參中人參皂苷結(jié)構(gòu)多樣性的研究進展

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Research progress on chemical diversity of saponins in Panax ginseng

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    摘要:
    ：人參皂苷是人參的主要活性成分，因其藥理活性的多樣性逐漸成為研究熱點。本文綜述了人參及人參主要炮制品（紅參和黑參）中的人參皂苷，截至2024年6月共有271種人參皂苷，其中人參不同部位中（根、莖、葉、花、漿果和種子）241種，紅參中99種，黑參中71種。在271種人參皂苷中，有249（1?249）種為達瑪烷型（a?z亞型）四環(huán)三萜皂苷，存在于人參各部位及人參主要炮制品中；有2種（250?251）為羊毛脂烷型皂苷，存在于紅參中；有18種（252?269）為齊墩果烷型五環(huán)三萜皂苷，存在于人參各部位及人參主要炮制品中；有2種（270?271）為烏蘇烷型五環(huán)三萜皂苷，存在于紅參中。綜上所述，本綜述從化學結(jié)構(gòu)、空間分布與亞型比較、人參主要炮制品、轉(zhuǎn)化等多個方面闡述了人參皂苷的化學多樣性，有助于對人參皂苷的深入研究及人參的進一步開發(fā)。

    Abstract:
    Saponins, the major bioactive components of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., are gradually emerging as research hotspots owing to the possession of various pharmacological activities. This review updates the ginsenosides list from P. ginseng and the steam-processed ginseng (red ginseng and black ginseng) up to 271 by June of 2024, encompassing 243 saponins from different parts of P. ginseng (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, berries, and seeds), 103 from red ginseng, and 65 from black ginseng, respectively. Among 271 saponins, there are a total of 249 (1–249) dammarane type (with a–z subtypes) tetracyclic triterpene saponins reported from each part of P. ginseng and steam-processed ginseng, two (250–251) lanostane type tetracyclic triterpene saponins identified from red ginseng, 18 (252–269) oleanane type pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins discovered from each part of P. ginseng and steam-processed ginseng, and two (270–271) ursane type pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins reported from red ginseng. Overall, this review expounds on the chemical diversity of ginsenosides in various aspects, such as chemical structure, spatial distribution and subtype comparison, processed products, and transformation. This facilitates more indepth research on ginsenosides and contributes to the future development of ginseng.

    關(guān)鍵詞:
    化學多樣性;人參;四環(huán)三萜;五環(huán)三萜;皂苷

    Keywords:


    Project Supported:
    This research was funded by the Innovation Platform (base) and Talent Special Project (No. 20210502005ZP) and Key Research and Development Program of Jilin Province (No. 20230204038YY, 20240305052YY, 20210204149YY).

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