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Archive > Volume 10 Issue 3 > 2018,10(3):239-248 Prev Next

陰影深處：藥用植物的表觀遺傳和表觀基因組調(diào)控

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Deep in shadows: Epigenetic and epigenomic regulations of medicinal plants

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    摘要:
    現(xiàn)存植物中約有60%具有藥用和健康促進(jìn)價(jià)值。道地藥材是在特定的地理區(qū)域生產(chǎn)的，有明確的生態(tài)環(huán)境和栽培方法。道地藥材的臨床療效優(yōu)于其它地區(qū)種植的同種藥用植物。植物的特殊藥用特性是由其基因組決定的，而適當(dāng)?shù)纳鷳B(tài)條件對道地藥的形成有重要影響，這至少部分地通過表觀遺傳學(xué)介導(dǎo)。通過表觀遺傳學(xué)/表觀基因組學(xué)，研究者揭示了環(huán)境對基因表達(dá)的復(fù)雜影響，這些基因控制著藥用植物的生長、發(fā)育、應(yīng)激反應(yīng)和藥用植物代謝產(chǎn)物，將其它“組學(xué)層”置于有意義的生物學(xué)情境中。道地藥特有的表型與藥用植物的生長發(fā)育和脅迫反應(yīng)密切相關(guān)。除了眾所周知的遺傳控制外，表觀遺傳機(jī)制在種群水平上起著重要作用，在道地藥的形成過程中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。本文全面綜述了藥用植物及其相關(guān)微生物的表觀遺傳調(diào)控，以及DNA甲基化、小非編碼RNA、轉(zhuǎn)座因子和組蛋白修飾在植物和相關(guān)微生物基因表達(dá)調(diào)控中的作用。表觀遺傳和表觀基因組機(jī)制應(yīng)在研究道地藥特定的表型和本土化中突出。揭示表觀遺傳學(xué)與道地藥的相關(guān)性，有助于藥用植物及其相關(guān)微生物的質(zhì)量評價(jià)、鑒定和可持續(xù)利用。

    Abstract:
    Around 60% of the extant plants have medicinal and health-promoting values. genuine medicinal material (geoherb) is produced in particular geographic regions, that is defined ecological environment and cultivation pipeline. The clinical efficacy of a geoherb is superior to that of the same medicinal plant growing in other regions. The special medicinal features of a plant are determined by its genome, while the proper ecological conditions have major effects on the formation of a geoherb, which is at least partially mediated by the epigenetics. By epigenetics/epigenomics, researchers uncover the complexities of the influence of the environment on the expression of genes that control medicinal plant growth, development, stress responses, and medicinal phytometabolite yield, and put the other "omics layers" in a meaningful biological context. The unique phenotypes of geoherb are closely related to the growth, development, and stress responses of medicinal plants. In addition to the commonly known genetic control, epigenetic machineries, active at the population level, play an essential role in the formation of geoherbs. This contribution gives a comprehensive overview of the epigenetic regulation of medicinal plants and the associated microbes, and the role of DNA methylation, small non-coding RNA, transposable elements and histone modifications in the gene expression regulation of geoherbs and relevant microbiota. The epigenetic and epigenomic mechanisms should be highlighted in the study of specific phenotype and indigenousness of geoherbalism. Revealing the correlation between epigenetics and geoherbs could shed light on the quality assessment, authentication, molecular breeding, and sustainable utilization of medicinal plants and the associated microbes.

    關(guān)鍵詞:
    表觀遺傳調(diào)控，藥用植物，微生物，道地藥，表觀基因組

    Keywords:


    Project Supported:
    Liaoning Postgraduate Education & Teaching Reform Project (2016).

    Clc Number:

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